The wrong information—Believed
to be fact for several hundred
years, widely accepted by the art
community and published in many
current text books:
The Primary Colours for paint/dyes
and inks are Red Yellow and Blue.
The secondary colours are Orange,
Green and Purple. Complementary
colours can be found opposite each
other on the colour wheel (a).
The light spectrum – from infrared,
to ultraviolet, represents our ability to
see colour. We cannot perceive the
lower end of infrared or the upper end
of ultraviolet. Because of this, a
complete spectrum would have each
end disappearing into black.
This is of some use in explaining
colour but its value can be significantly
increased by removing the black, placing
it on a linear scale (b) and arranging it in
a circle (c) so that complementary
colours are opposite each other.
Scientists were aware of the
properties of filtered light several
hundred years before they fully
understood the properties of dye, ink
and paint. Newton proved that white
light, e.g. sunlight, contained all of the
visible colours and each of the many
colours could be arrived at by mixing
just three ‘primary’ filtered
lights: Red, green and blue
of varying strengths (as in
the Television).
Since all three added
together equalled white,
this was called additive
mixing.
The Definition for Primaries for
additive (subtractive) mixing are
defined as: 1. The three colours
capable of making the most other
colours 2. A primary cannot be mixed
from any two other colours 3. The
three added will equal white (black).
What happens when white light
strikes a coloured object (including
dye, ink or paint) is very different. All
of the colours are absorbed by the
object except for its native colour
which is reflected. For light mixing to
hold true with paint, the three
primaries need to be inverted (an
inverted colour is a complementary
colour). Because when these three
were added the result was black, this
was called subtractive mixing.
In the 1670s Newton believed that
the three were: Cyan (a greenish
blue), Magenta (a bluish red) and
Yellow; but at that early stage, was
unable to prove it.
Sadly, for artists, the then experts
decided that the three were yellow,
red (as in blood), and blue (as in royal
blue); only yellow was correct.
Because of this the legion of artists
who have tried to work with just these
three have never been satisfied with
the result.
INCORRECT CORRECT
The traditional Artist's colour wheel. In
this version the centre has been inverted
to show the complements, none of which
are correct – colours opposite each other
on the wheel should be complements.
The Truth about Colour